Energy Efficiency in Pakistani Buildings: A Study of the Potential for Energy Savings through Green Building Design

Abstract

This study investigates the potential for energy savings through green building design practices in Pakistan, where building energy consumption accounts for approximately 40% of total national energy use. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative energy modeling and survey data from 120 buildings across four major urban centers (Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, and Peshawar), this research examines the current state of building energy efficiency, identifies key opportunities for improvement, and quantifies potential energy savings. Results indicate that implementing comprehensive green building strategies could reduce energy consumption by 25-40% in new construction and 15-30% in retrofitted buildings, with payback periods ranging from 2.8 to 6.5 years depending on building type and location. The most effective strategies identified include improved building envelope insulation, efficient HVAC systems, daylighting optimization, and renewable energy integration. This study provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, developers, and building professionals to promote energy-efficient building practices that align with Pakistan's climate conditions, economic constraints, and sustainable development goals.

Keywords: Energy efficiency, green buildings, Pakistan, building envelope, HVAC systems, renewable energy, sustainable development, energy policy.